{"id":18946,"date":"2025-08-20T17:05:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T16:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/?p=18946"},"modified":"2025-10-20T17:11:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T16:11:21","slug":"you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables\/","title":{"rendered":"You Can\u2019t Secure What You Can\u2019t See: The Case for HBOM &#038; SBOM in Subsea Cables"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_18947\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18947\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18947 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298.png 1280w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18947\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">JOSE AMARO | AGO 2025<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"ember428\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Last month, On <strong>July 16, 2025 <\/strong>the <em>Financial Times<\/em> and <em>Reuters<\/em> reported something that didn\u2019t surprise anyone paying attention: the U.S. is preparing to <strong>ban Chinese technology from undersea telecom cables <\/strong>connecting to America (<a class=\"pwHwmXBqmofSClxsctVkNQQzvNIASaSVkFYLg \" tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/us-aims-ban-chinese-technology-submarine-cables-ft-reports-2025-07-16\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_self\" data-test-app-aware-link=\"\">Reuters)<\/a>. Why? The concern is simple but serious: if nearly all global internet traffic flows through these cables, then whoever controls the hardware \u2014 or even the embedded software \u2014 has access to the world\u2019s digital bloodstream.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember429\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">And yet\u2026 we\u2019re still flying blind.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember430\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">It\u2019s 2025, and we still deploy mission-critical infrastructure \u2014 including submarine cable systems \u2014 with <strong>zero standardised visibility<\/strong> into what\u2019s under the hood.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember431\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, the easiest way to solve the problem is to rely on geopolitical assumptions:<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember432\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cIf it&#8217;s made in China, it&#8217;s probably risky\u201d.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember433\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">But what if it&#8217;s a component made in Taiwan, using Chinese chips running US firmware with open-source code from who knows where?<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember434\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Let\u2019s be honest: The U.S. approach to cybersecurity in critical infrastructure is often <strong>reactive, fragmented, and politicized<\/strong>. This cable ban is just the latest move in a long line of enforcement-first, transparency-later policies.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember435\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">We can\u2019t ban our way to security.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember436\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">We can\u2019t just <strong>de-risk the world by decree<\/strong>, especially when our own supply chains are full of ambiguities, blind dependencies, and opaque vendors.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember437\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">What if instead the U.S. led with standards, not sanctions?<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember438\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">That\u2019s where <strong>HBOM<\/strong> and <strong>SBOM<\/strong> come in.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember439\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>SBOM &amp; HBOM \u2014 What Are They, Really?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember440\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Think of them as <strong>ingredient labels<\/strong> \u2014 but for your digital and physical infrastructure.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)<\/strong> tells you exactly what software components are inside a device or system \u2014 every library, every version, every dependency.<\/li>\n<li><strong>HBOM (Hardware Bill of Materials)<\/strong> does the same for hardware. It details chips, boards, firmware, and where they come from.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"ember442\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">They&#8217;re not buzzwords. They&#8217;re becoming the <strong>baseline for trust<\/strong> in supply chains \u2014 especially for infrastructure that literally sits on the ocean floor and connects continents.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember443\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>So, Why Do Submarine Cables Need This?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember444\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Submarine cables aren\u2019t just fiber-optic threads \u2014 they\u2019re complex systems with repeaters, landing stations, embedded firmware, and configuration software. And once they\u2019re underwater, <strong>you can\u2019t just patch them overnight<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember445\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">That\u2019s why visibility \u2014 <strong>before deployment<\/strong> \u2014 is critical.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember446\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">If we had standardized SBOMs and HBOMs for every piece of gear going into these networks, we wouldn\u2019t have to wait for a ban to wonder:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Who made this chip?<\/li>\n<li>What\u2019s running inside this repeater?<\/li>\n<li>Is that firmware calling home?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"ember448\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Instead of banning based on origin, we could <strong>audit based on facts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember449\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Transparency Is the Real Cybersecurity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember450\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here\u2019s what SBOMs and HBOMs enable:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><em>Know what\u2019s inside your systems \u2014 before they\u2019re installed.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Spot components from banned or high-risk suppliers.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>React quickly to software vulnerabilities \u2014 even in embedded systems.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Prove compliance with evolving regulations like NIS2 or CISA\u2019s supply chain frameworks.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Make incident response faster and more precise.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"ember452\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Imagine if a submarine cable failed, and instead of guessing, we could <strong>instantly trace the affected component<\/strong>, check its firmware, and see if similar equipment exists elsewhere. That\u2019s the power of digital and physical traceability.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember453\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>What Should Happen Next?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember454\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">It\u2019s not just about banning. It\u2019s about building smarter.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember455\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here\u2019s what regulators and industry can do now:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Mandate SBOMs and HBOMs<\/strong> for all subsea infrastructure vendors. No transparency = no approval.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Adopt standard formats<\/strong> like SPDX or CycloneDX for software, and CISA\u2019s HBOM framework for hardware.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Invest in tooling<\/strong> to verify and audit BOMs \u2014 continuously, not just at procurement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Make BOMs part of national security policy<\/strong> for critical infrastructure, especially cables, satellites, and energy systems.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p id=\"ember457\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Final Thought<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"ember458\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">In cybersecurity, visibility always wins. The world is waking up to the risks of opaque supply chains \u2014 and for good reason. Undersea cables don\u2019t just carry internet traffic. They carry geopolitics, commerce, and the hopes of digital societies.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember459\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">If we want to secure them, <strong>we need to start at the source<\/strong>. That means demanding clear, verifiable SBOMs and HBOMs from every supplier \u2014 not as an exception, but as standard operating procedure.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember460\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">We don\u2019t just need stronger cables. We need <strong>smarter cables<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ember461\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>Would love to hear your thoughts: Is your organization already using SBOMs or HBOMs? What challenges do you see in adopting them for critical infrastructure?<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"ember-view lt-line-clamp lt-line-clamp--multi-line text-body-small t-black--light break-words\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16519 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"202\" height=\"202\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882.jpg 800w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/1684340842882-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/a>By Jos\u00e9 Amaro<\/strong><\/div>\n<div class=\"ember-view lt-line-clamp lt-line-clamp--multi-line text-body-small t-black--light break-words\">EU &amp; Indo Pacific Maritime Cybersecurity\/Security Advisor |<\/div>\n<div class=\"ember-view lt-line-clamp lt-line-clamp--multi-line text-body-small t-black--light break-words\">EU Privacy Law Advisor | Jurist | ISO\/27001 Lead Auditor<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last month, On July 16, 2025 the Financial Times and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18947,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40,1795],"tags":[1493,2687,2962,31,32,1297,45,3288,3151],"class_list":["post-18946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-experts-words","tag-africa-en","tag-daily-news","tag-experts-words","tag-maritimafrica","tag-maritime","tag-maritime-industry-en","tag-shipping-en","tag-subsea","tag-subsea-cables"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>You Can\u2019t Secure What You Can\u2019t See: The Case for HBOM &amp; SBOM in Subsea Cables - Maritimafrica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"You Can\u2019t Secure What You Can\u2019t See: The Case for HBOM &amp; SBOM in Subsea Cables - Maritimafrica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last month, On July 16, 2025 the Financial Times and\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Maritimafrica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/maritimafrica\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-20T16:05:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-20T16:11:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/maritimafrica.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/1755613224298.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"719\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maritimafrica.com\\\/en\\\/you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maritimafrica.com\\\/en\\\/you-cant-secure-what-you-cant-see-the-case-for-hbom-sbom-in-subsea-cables\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maritimafrica.com\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/8fb393d26362e592a3b75669654ebb24\"},\"headline\":\"You Can\u2019t Secure What You Can\u2019t See: The Case for HBOM &#038; 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